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The right to keep and bear arms is a fundamental right that is codified in the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United States of America and in the state constitutions of forty-four States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=STATE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS )〕 The text of the United States Constitutional amendment reads: == English precedent == The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution was influenced by the English Bill of Rights 1689, which also dealt with personal defence by English subjects. The 1689 Bill of Rights did not create a new right to have arms but instead rescinded and deplored acts of the deposed Catholic King James II, who, as far as relevant here, forced the disarming of Protestants while extending the right to bear arms to Catholics and Protestant dissenters in addition to upholding prior legislation that limited the ownership of arms to certain social classes. The relevant grievance reads: :By causing severall good Subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when Papists were both Armed and Imployed contrary to Law. The remedy in the 1689 Bill of Rights reads: :That the Subjects which are Protestants may have Arms for their Defence suitable to their Conditions and as allowed by Law. The English Bill of Rights established that regulating the right to bear arms was one of the powers of Parliament, and did not belong to the monarch.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1688 c.2 1 Will. and Mar. Sess. 2 )〕 The 1689 Bill of Rights also restricted the right of the monarch to have a standing army. Sir William Blackstone wrote in the eighteenth century about the right to have arms being auxiliary to the "natural right of resistance and self-preservation", but conceded that the right was subject to their suitability and allowance by law.
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